“The United States has seen a major shift toward nonromantic sexual partnerships — people becoming sexually involved when they are just casually dating or not dating at all,” study author Anthony Paik, a sociologist at the University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, said in a university news release.

He and his colleagues asked 783 heterosexual adults, ages 18 to 60, how many people they had been sexually involved with during their most recent nonromantic sexual relationship and found:
17 percent of the men and 5 percent of the women said they had been with someone other than their relationship partner.
17 percent of women and 8 percent of men said they’d been exclusive but their partner had not.
12 percent of women and 10 percent of men said neither they nor their partner had been monogamous.
Being sexually involved with a friend increased the likelihood of not being monogamous by 44 percent for women and 25 percent for men. Involvement with an acquaintance or stranger increased the likelihood by 30 percent for women and 43 percent for men.

Respondents who got along with each other’s parents were less likely to have multiple sex partners. This may be because people are less likely to risk a relationship when they consider the impact on family, Paik said.

The findings were published in the March issue of Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health.

“People can make their own choices, but we hope this information will be useful as they weigh the risks and rewards of nonromantic sexual relationships,” Paik said. “We encourage people to be aware of the potential for sexual concurrency and take appropriate precautions to avoid sexually transmitted infections.”

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, with an estimated 235,000 Americans expected to be diagnosed with it this year. In its early stage, prostate cancer can be treated with surgery and radiation therapy or a combination of the two. With more advanced cancer, treatment options can vary.

The walnut-sized prostate is located near the tubes that carry urine and semen. After treatment, some patients report trouble achieving an erection sufficient for sexual activity, also called erectile dysfunction or ED. In this study, doctors wanted to test whether the drug Tadalafil, which sells under the brand name Cialis, would help prostate cancer survivors with ED who were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). This is the first randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to examine Tadalafil’s lasting effect in treating patients who have ED after radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

Nearly 360 patients were treated for prostate cancer at the Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center in The Netherlands between 1998 and 2002. Among them, 60 patients complaining of erectile dysfunction after radiation therapy were included. Patients were eligible if they were treated with 3D-CRT at least 12 months before the study entry, agreed not to use any other treatment for ED and agreed to make at least one sexual intercourse attempt every week during the 12-week trial. Patients were given an initial 4-week course of no treatment at all; however, patients had to attempt sexual activity at least once a week in this 4-week period.

Patients were given 20mg of Tadalafil or a placebo for 6 weeks. Patients were allowed to take the drug or placebo at-will with no restrictions on food or alcohol, but no more than once per day. The men were instructed that the drug would be effective for as long as 36 hours after dosing. After the first 6-week period of the trial, participants were moved onto alternative treatment; patients who were given placebo were switched to Tadalafil and vice versa.

Doctors found that successful intercourse was reported in 48 percent of the survivors who took Tadalafil versus the 9 percent of the men who were given placebo. There was also a reported improvement of the quality of erections in 67 percent of the patients versus only 20 percent of the placebo group.

“Fortunately, prostate cancer is a very curable disease with most patients living at least five years after diagnosis. Now that we’ve proven we can beat the disease, it’s imperative that we work to help maintain the quality of life for the men who survive it, including preserving their sexual function,” said Luca Incrocci, M.D., Ph.D., lead author of the study. Dr. Incrocci is a radiation oncologist at the Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center in The Netherlands. “This study proves that the drug Cialis is effective in helping men maintain their sexual health.”